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Rachel Margolis
Rachel Margolis (28 October 1921 – 6 July 2015) was a Holocaust survivor, biologist and Holocaust historian.
==Background==
Margolis was born in Vilnius, Lithuania in 1921.〔 In 1941, when the Nazis occupied Lithuania, Margolis was sent to live with a Christian family. Of Jewish birth, she instead decided to voluntarily enter the Jewish Vilna ghetto in September 1942. She entered the resistance movement there and became active in the underground. She joined the Fareynikte Partizaner Organizatsye (the United Partisan Organisation), formed that same year by poet Abba Kovner. Margolis wrote ''Everyone was anxious to fight... Our mission was to acquire weapons, complete militarily preparations, all with the aim of provoking an uprising in the ghetto. If we perished it would be with honour, having proved to humanity that we are not sheep going meekly to the slaughter.''
In June 1943 Heinrich Himmler commanded the extermination of the ghetto. 4000 Jewish residents were sent to death camps and killed; 4000 more were sent to labour camps. Margolis and her future husband were one of the few hundreds that survived the ghetto, by escaping to the surrounding forests. They contracted typhus but lived to continue their work with the resistance movement, joining a new unit and blowing up German infrastructure.〔 Margolis was the only member of her family to survive the Holocaust .〔〔 Published in Polish in 1999 by Towarzystwo Milosnikow Wilna i Ziemi Wilenskiej and Rachel Margolis. Translation copyright 2005 Yad Vashem. p. vii〕
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